过几年换电脑就做一次,由于上一份工作不常用 Mac,需要安装一系列的东东,还挺折腾的,所以记录一下。
💬 MBP,iMac,iPhone,已经很普遍了,不像 10~20 年前,那是高大上的东西,现在网上各种相关资料很多。几大块,顺序不重要。工具和软件很多,把基本的先搞定。
键盘 & 鼠标
不得不吐槽,Apple 家的我极不习惯(用过至少两代了),键盘换成了 K1 Bluetooth :low profile,无线,低噪声,原生 Mac 布键(可以切换至 Windows),18 种酷炫夜光模式
2020 更新:K1 价廉物美,就是不耐操,疫情在家一年下来,电池很快掉电,键盘不灵敏了,几个常用键需要大力敲几次,MX Keys 已经替换上场:

鼠标换成了 Logi MX Master3 (已升级到3s):



Mac 上的好鼠标太少,此前的用过两个雷神的 DeathAdder,基本寿命就是两年,手感,响应准确度等均弱于 MX Master3
以上两个东西性价比极好,网评可以看一波,至今我超级满意 👍🏻。
✦ 题外话:电脑座椅也相当重要,值得投入。
MacOS 基本配置
System Preference
✦ Keyboard
功能键 Fn:默认情况下,F1-F12 都是特殊功能,比如调节屏幕亮度。而当你需要键入 F1-F12 时需要同时按住 Fn,这对于开发人员来说是非常不方便的。将 F1-F12 改成标准功能键。
键盘控制:上图里选 Shortcuts,然后 ☑️User keyboard navigation to move focus between controls
Caps 切换输入法

✦ Dock

Finder
Finder -> Preference -> Advanced:

Finder -> View -> Show View Options:

其它
✦ macOS 默认只允许运行通过苹果应用商店下载的软件。macOS 如果想安装第三方应用需要到 Preference/系统偏好设置 > Security & Privacy/安全性与隐私 > General/通用 中开启,Allow apps downloaded from: 🔘 Anywhere
✦ Disable System Integrity Protection (SIP)
需要重启 Mac 进入 Recovery 模式(开机时同时按下 ⌘ r)
$ csrutil disable
$ reboot
重启后查看 SIP:
$ csrutil status
System Integrity Protection status: disabled
✦ Disable Gatekeeper
macOS 如果想安装第三方未签名的应用需要在终端中执行命令行:
sudo spctl --master-disable
✦ 显示隐藏文件
希望在 Finder 里看到这个目录的内容
# show Library folder
chflags nohidden ~/Library
# show hidden files
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles YES
# show path bar
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool true
# show status bar
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool true
$ defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle true
$ killall Finder
✦ screenshot
默认情况下,macOS Mojave 将屏幕截图存储在 Mac 的桌面上。现在,如果您启用了 iCloud 同步,那么它会不断上传到您的帐户。这是不安全的,也很占空间。
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Downloads
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture type PNG
$ killall SystemUIServer
每次截图自带阴影效果,可以关闭或开启:
关闭
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool true; killall SystemUIServer
开启
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool false; killall SystemUIServer
其它很多设置,根据自己的喜好可以网上参考一番。
✦ iTune/Music.app
Account -> Authorizations -> Authorize This Computer
MacOS 常用快捷键
众人皆知/常用:⌘ A ⌘ C ⌘ V ⌘ X ⌘ Z ⌘ F ⌘ N ⌘ Tab ⌘ Space ⌘ W ⌘ Q
系统通用
- 睡眠: ⇧ ⌘ ⏏
- 锁屏: ⌃ ⌘ Q
- 进入全屏模式:⌃ ⌘ F
- Character Viewer(弹出 emojis): ⌃ ⌘ Space
- Show all windows of the front app: ⌃ ↓
- Show all windows: ⌃ ↑
- Forward delete: Fn del
- Paste without formatting: ⇧ ⌘ V
- Screenshot: ⇧ ⌘ 4 Space(选择区域)⇧ ⌘ 3(整个屏幕)
- 保存文件: ⌘ S
- 另存文件: ⇧ ⌘ S
- 在应用程序之间切换:⌘ tab
- 在单个应用程序的多个窗口之间切换:⌘ ~
- 新建窗口:⌘ N
- 隐藏窗口:⌘ H
- 最小化窗口:⌘ M
- 关闭当前窗口:⌘ W
- 退出: ⌘ Q
- 强行退出: ⌥ ⌘ Esc
Finder
- 打开 home folder: ⇧ ⌘ H
- 打开 desktop folder: ⇧ ⌘ D
- 打开文件、上级目录、下级目录:⌘O ⌘↑ ⌘↓
- 回到前一个目录: ⌘ [
- 转到下一个目录: ⌘ ]
- 隐藏文件的开关: ⇧ ⌘ .
软件
网上都有盗版或破解,需要花点时间找。Apple 的 MacOS 源自 Unix,但其自带系统软件难用,一二十年毫无大进步,和微软的 Windows 的用户体验差距不小,好在是第三方挺给力。
必备工具
Amphetamine:防止进入睡眠状态,定时休眠 🆓
App Cleaner & Unistaller:应用深度清理卸载
BetterZip,Archive Utility:压缩/解压缩
CleanMyMac,Lemon:垃圾清理,软件卸载,系统优化
键指如飞/FlyKey:列出了当前活动应用所有支持的键盘快捷组合键 🆓
Hidden Bar:菜单栏图标隐藏 🆓
Paralles Desktop:Windows 虚拟机,配合 PD Runner(原来挂在 Github 上,后来被毙了,可到 Gitee 上下载),解锁最新试用版 Paralles
Paragon NTFS for Mac:不用虚拟机,直接挂 NTFS,比较稳定了
Rectangle:开源版的 spectacle,和 Moom 类似管理窗口大小和定位,拖拽窗口即能定位,超级好用,配上快捷键 🆓
iTerms2,zsh,oh-my-zsh,Fig:命令行相关,见下
一些体会:
- List of useful Quick Look plugins for developers
- USB 外挂大硬盘必备,读写 NTFS,发现 Paragon NTFS 或者 Tuexra NTF,移动文件过程中会出现文件莫名其妙的失踪 🥶,只好采取虚机这个迂回的办法。
- Paralles:Windows 对 MBP 的 Retina 的支持不好,DPI 不可以超过 185%,参见 Resize Search Box and Address Box Win7
- Paralles:在 Windows 里删除 shared folder 里的文件(非挂靠在 Windows 的硬盘),不会进入 Windows 回收站
- Moom 的快捷窗口操作(Rectangle取代):
- Aflred/Raycast 据说是个神器,spotlight+,可迅速定制各种任务的快捷方式,。
- Apple 会把 TNT 的证书删除,碰到软件打不开的问题,需要自行重新签发证书:
> codesign --force --deep --sign - /Applications/xxx.app
常用软件
- Adobe Acrobat,PDF Expert:PDF 老东家,还是比 PDF Expert 好用,只是软件太臃肿
- Beyond Compare:文件对比比较神器
- Bob:屏幕取词,截图翻译 🆓
- Boom3D:音效加强
- NeatReader:各种电子书(epub,chm,等常用格式)阅读器 🆓
- Dash:编程文档 🆓
- VDown:各种视频下载,支持优酷、腾讯视频、bilibili、土豆、爱奇艺、网易、搜狐、微博以及国外的 Youtube 等等 🆓
- Find My:跟踪 Apple 设备,防止遗失 🆓
- Folx Pro:各种 p2p 下载
- GoodNote:手写体笔记
- magnetw:开源种子搜索神器(已经关门) 👍🏻
- Movist Pro:Mac 上最好的 movie 播放器 👍🏻
- PopClip:Copy/Paste 剪贴板工具
- Reeder:rss 订阅
- Screenshot,Shottr:截图 🆓
- Omi,ScreenFlow:录屏 👍🏻
- Sketch:矢量画图
其它常用软件:
- Chrome 及一堆插件(Goolge 同步)
- Windows Office for Mac
- 各种网盘软件:百度网盘、Dropbox、Google Drive 等
- 微信 Wechat,Whatsapp,Telegram,Twitter,Discord,Slack,Zoom,Teams 等一众社交软件
开发工具
JetBrain 的全家桶 IntelliJ Pycharm WebStorm Goland 是我十多年来开发 Java 和其它语种的主力 IDE,各种文本编辑基本已归置 VS Code 和 强大的 Notepad++(Windows only)。Windows 上经常画图的工具是Visio,慢慢转到 Excalidraw 和 draw.io。
vi/vim 我是半吊子,非常有空才打算深入。
VPN
🆓 七款 VPN 比较:
VPN 名称 | 注册 | 可连接国家 | 限速 | 用量 | 使用设备 | 广告 | P2P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AtlasVPN | 不要 ✅ | 3 | 🈶️ | 无限制 ✅ | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 是 ✅ |
Hotspot Shield | 不要 ✅ | 1 | 🈶️ | 500MB/天 | 1 | 🈶️ | 是 ✅ |
PrivadoVPN | 要 | 12 | 🈚️ ✅ | 10GB/月 | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 是 ✅ |
ProtonVPN | 要 | 3 | 🈶️ | 无限制 ✅ | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 否 |
Speedify | 不要 ✅ | 几乎全部 ✅ | 🈚️ ✅ | 1GB/月 | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 否 |
TunnelBear | 要 | 23 | 🈚️ ✅ | 500MB/天 | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 是 ✅ |
Windscribe | 要 | 10 | 🈶️ | 10GB/月 | 1 | 🈚️ ✅ | 否 |
myu## 命令行
💡 命令行各种配置的保留,参考之前的文章: 如何保存 dotfiles
命令行的东西比较杂,主要有那么几大件:
- homebrew:软件安装管理必备神器,相当于 Linux 上的 yum,装完后一通 brew cask install 和 brew install
- zsh oh-my-zsh(OMZ):OMZ 是个 zsh 的集成者
- iTerm2:比 Mac 自带的 terminal 强,颜色(Dracula),字体(Hack),窗体,快键唤出等等,自行安装和设置。另外可以配合 tmux 多窗口管理器使用。
- Fig:命令行自动补全神器 👍🏻
brew
brew 的备份和迁移
brew 可以通过 brew bundle 进行备份,然后一键在另外一台机器上恢复:
Brewfile 和通常的 brew 略有不同:
命令行 | Brewfile |
---|---|
brew install [formulaName] | brew “[forumlaName]” |
brew cask install [caskName] | cask “[caskName]” |
mas install [identifier] | mas “[bundleIdentifier]", id: [identifier] |
恢复/安装:
$ brew bundle
各种有用的工具
有许多增强型命令行工具,并善用命令行的 alias,例如:
- ag:搜索工具,类似 ack,但更快

- asciinema:可以录制 terminal

- bat:增加语法高亮,取代 cat

- broot:取代 tree

- choose:cut 和 awk 功能结合

- curlie: 简化 curl

- dust:Rust 开发,取代 du

- exa:取代 ls

- fd:更快,更友好,取代 find
- fig:命令行自动补全

- fzf:文件模糊搜索,参考 Vim universe. fzf - command line fuzzy finder

- gping:取代 ping

- hyperfine:benchmark/测速工具

htop:取代 top 类似的还有gtop
httpie:命令行 http,类似 wget,curl

- jq:json 文件浏览、格式化、支持高亮,有一点学习曲线,看参考 jq cheetsheet 和来自文档的一些使用技巧

- procs:显示 PID 和 TCP 端口,取代 ps,用 Rust 开发

psgrep:取代 ps aux | grep
pstree:Linux 上移植过来,树型方式显示进程
ripgrep:更快,更友好,和 grep 类似但遵循 gitignore

- sd:取代 sed

- shellcheck:shell script 语法检查

- thefuck:神器

- tldr:取代 man
- xh:与 httpie 简洁界面类似,但速度更快

- xz:压缩工具
参考:Julia Evans 的 A list of new(ish) command line tools
zsh
plugins
zsh 的插件很多,自行选择 awesome-zsh-plugins :
- zsh-syntax-highlighting

- zsh-autosuggestions

- zsh-history-substring-search

命令行提示符
OMZ Theme 自带的和那个 Powerlevel10K 太眼花缭乱,这个简约 spaceship
alias
参考如下:
### =======
### Alias
### =======
# brew
alias b="brew"
alias bdump="rm ~/Brewfile; brew bundle dump; dotadd ~/Brewfile; dotcmt; dotpush"
alias bsearch="brew search"
alias binfo="brew info"
alias bls="brew list --versions"
alias bold="brew outdated"
alias badd="brew install"
alias bdel="brew uninstall"
alias bupd='echo "updating brew formulas and casks ....."; brew update; brew outdated --verbose; brew upgrade; brew cleanup --prune=all; brew doctor --verbose; brew outdated --cask --verbose; brew upgrade --cask; brew doctor --verbose'
alias bstart="brew services start"
alias bstop="brew services stop"
alias bsvc="brew services list"
alias brestart="brew services restart"
### Java
###
export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11`
export JAVA_OPTS=
alias j="java"
alias jc="javac"
alias jj="java -jar"
# shows the statck trace of a specified java process id
alias jps="jps -l"
# maven
export M2_HOME=/usr/local/Cellar/maven/3.9.0/libexec
export MAVEN_HOME=$M2_HOME
export M2_OPTS=
alias mvnc="mvn clean"
alias mvni='mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true'
alias mvnt='mvn test'
alias mvnp='mvn package'
# gradle
export GRADLE_HOME=/usr/local/Cellar/gradle/8.0/libexec
# Default is `"/(build|integTest|out)/"`
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_EXCLUDE_PATTERN="/(build|integTest|samples|smokeTest|testFixtures|templates|out|features)/"
# Essentially turn off checking for changed scripts
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_EXCLUDE_PATTERN="gradle"
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_UNQUALIFIED_TASKS="true"
alias gr="./gradlew --daemon --parallel --no-build-cache"
alias grclean="./gradlew clean"
alias grbuild="./gradlew build"
alias grboot="./gradlew bootRun"
# ANTLR 4
# export CLASSPATH=".:/usr/local/lib/antlr-4.10.1-complete.jar:$CLASSPATH"
# alias antlr="java -jar /usr/local/lib/antlr-4.10.1-complete.jar"
# alias grun="java org.antlr.v4.gui.TestRig"
jdk() {
if [ ! -n "$1" ]; then
/usr/libexec/java_home -V 2>&1
else
export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v $1`
echo "JAVA_HOME switched to '$JAVA_HOME'."
export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin":$PATH
fi
}
javaver() {
echo "⌘ Java ⌘" | lolcat
jdk | lolcat
java -version | lolcat
echo
mvn -v | lolcat
echo
gradle -v | lolcat
echo
}
scalaver() {
echo "⌘ Scala ⌘" | lolcat
scala --version | lolcat
sbt -V | lolcat
echo
}
### Javascript
###
# node, npm
alias n="npm"
alias nconf='nocorrect npm config ls -l'
alias nsearch="npm search"
alias ninfo="npm info"alias nls="npm list"
alias nlsg="npm list -g"
alias nold="npm outdated"
alias noldg="npm outdated -g"
alias ninit="npm init"
alias nadd="npm install"
alias naddg="npm install -g"
alias ndev="npm install --save-dev"
alias ndel="npm uninstall"
alias ndelg="npm uninstall -g"
alias nclean="npm cache clean --force"
alias nupdg='echo "updating node global modules ......"; npm cache verify; npm outdated -g; npm update -g; npm fund; npm audit fix --force'
alias nrun="npm run"
alias nsvr="npm run server"
alias nbuild="npm run lint && npm run build"
alias ntest="npm run test"
alias depgraph='depcruise --max-depth 2 --exclude "^node_modules" --output-type dot src | dot -T svg > dependencyGraph.svg'
# pnpm
export PNPM_HOME="/Users/fastzhong/Library/pnpm"
alias pn="pnpm"
alias pni="pnpm install"
alias pnadd="pnpm add"
alias pnaddg="pnpm add -g"
alias pndep="pnpm add -D"
alias pndel="pnpm remove"
alias pndelg="pnpm remove -g"
alias pnclean="pnpm store prune"
alias pnupd="pnpm update"
alias pnupdg="pnpm update -g"
alias pnrun="pnpm run"
jsver() {
echo "⌘ JS ⌘" | lolcat
echo "Node version: $(node -v)" | lolcat
echo "NPM version: $(npm -v)" | lolcat
echo
}
### Go
###
export GOPATH=/Users/fastzhong/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
export GO111MODULE="on"
gover() {
echo "⌘ Go ⌘" | lolcat
go version | lolcat
echo
}
### Python
###
export PYENV_HOME=$HOME/.pyenv
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
# Created by `pipx` on 2021-09-30 10:42:22
export PATH="$PATH:/Users/fastzhong/.local/bin"
alias peadd="pyenv install"
alias pedel="pyenv unstall"
alias py="python"
alias pypath='f_pypath() {export PYTHONPATH=$1:$PYTHONPATH;}; f_pypath'
alias pylint="pylint --quiet"
alias pytest="pytest --quiet"
alias pipadd="pip install"
alias pipdel="pip uninstall"
alias pipupd='echo "updating all python packages ....."; sudo pip install -U pip && pip freeze --local | grep -v "^\-e" | cut -d = -f 1 | xargs pip install -U; rm ~/.pip/cache/*'
pyver() {
echo "⌘ Python ⌘" | lolcat
pyenv versions | lolcat
echo
}
### Lua
###
export OPENRESTY_HOME="/usr/local/opt/luajit-openresty"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/luajit-openresty/lib/pkgconfig"
### Ruby
###
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
alias gemupd='echo "updating ruby gems ....."; sudo gem update --system && gem cleanup'
# git
alias g="git"
# visualize git changes
alias gsim="git-sim"
alias gconf="nocorrect git config --list"
alias gtag="git log --no-walk --tags --pretty=format:' %C(yellow)%h %Cgreen%d %Cred%ad %Creset%s' --date=local"
# branch sorted by last modified
alias gremote="git fetch -t --all && git branch --remotes --format='%(HEAD) %(color:yellow)%(refname:short)%(color:reset) %(color:green)(%(committerdate:relative)) [%(authorname)] - %(contents:subject)' --sort=-committerdate"
alias glocal="git branch -vv --format='%(HEAD) %(color:yellow)%(refname:short)%(color:reset) %(color:green)(%(committerdate:relative)) [%(authorname)] - %(contents:subject)' --sort=-committerdate"
alias gdev="git checkout develop && git pull"
alias gmaster="git checkout master && git pull"
alias gco="git checkout"
alias gtrack="git fetch --all && git for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short)' refs/remotes/origin | sed 's@\(origin/\)\(.*\)@\2\t\1\2@' | xargs -n 2 git branch --track && glocal"
# git switch with changes (staged and unstaged, but not untracked)
f_git_switch() {
BranchName=$1
if [ ! -z "$BranchName" ]
then
if [ $(git branch -l | grep $BranchName) ]
then
git stash
git switch $BranchName
git stash pop
else
git stash
git switch -c $BranchName
git stash pop
fi
else
echo "Branch name is not specified"
fi
}
alias gswt="f_git_switch"
alias gco="git checkout"
# git commit
alias gcmt="git add -A && git commit -m"
alias gsave="git commit -a -m 'chore: SavePoint'"
alias gwip="git commit -a -m 'chore: WIP'"
alias gdone="git commit -a -m 'Done'"
# git stash
alias gstash="git stash"
alias gstashadd="git stash -u"
alias gstashdel="git stash drop"
alias gstashls="git stash list && git stash show"
alias gstashpop="git stash pop"
# git undo
alias gamd="git commit --amend"
alias gundo="git reset --hard HEAD"
alias glast="git reset --soft HEAD~1"
# git stat & log
alias gdiff="git diff --name-status"
alias gstat="git status"
alias gshow="git show --stat"
alias glog="git log --oneline --decorate --graph --format=format:'%C(bold blue)%h%C(reset) - %C(bold green)(%ar)%C(reset) %C(white)%an%C(reset)%C(bold yellow)%d%C(reset) %C(dim white)- %s%C(reset)' --all"
alias glogremote='currentBranch=$(git symbolic-ref --short -q HEAD) && git log "$currentBranch"..origin/"$currentBranch" --oneline'
# git pull & push
alias gpull="git fetch && git merge"
alias gpush='currentBranch=$(git symbolic-ref --short -q HEAD) && git diff --name-status "$currentBranch" origin/"$currentBranch" && git pull && git push'
alias gupd="git pull --prune && git submodule update --init --recursive"
alias grebdev="git checkout develop && git pull && git checkout - && git rebase -i develop"
alias gcont="git rebase --continue"
# deletes all local branches that have already been merged to develop
alias gdelmgd="git checkout develop && git branch --merged | grep -v '\\*' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d"
# git submodule
f_git_sub_add() {
git submodule add "$1" "$2"
git submodule init
git submodule update --remove --recursive
}
alias gmodadd="f_git_sub_add"
f_git_sub_del() {
git submodule deinit -f "$1"
rm -rf .git/modules/"$1"
git rm -f "$1"
}
alias gmoddel="f_git_sub_del"
# caution: delete untracked files
alias gclean="git clean -nxfd"
alias gcleanx="git clean -xfd && git gc --auto"
# daily standup
alias gstandup='git standup -a "all" -d 3'
# Ansible
alias a="ansible"
# Terraform
alias tf="terraform"
# Docker
alias dk='docker'
alias dkclean='docker ps -q -a -f status=exited | xargs -r docker rm && docker images -q -f dangling=true | xargs -r docker rmi && docker builder prune -a'
alias dkcleanx='docker system prune -af'
alias dkbuild="DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build ."
alias dkexe="docker exec --it"
alias dkps="docker ps -a"
alias dcbuild="DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker compose build"
alias dcstart="docker compose start -f"
alias dcstop="docker compose stop"
alias dcup="docker compose up -d"
alias dcdown="docker compose down"
alias dclog="docker compose logs -f"
# Kubernetes
# kubectl autocomplete
alias k="kubectl"
alias kcfg="nocorrect k config view"
alias kctx="kubectx"
alias kns="kubens"
alias ktell="kubectl explain"
alias kns="kubectl create namespace"
alias ktree="kubectl tree"
alias knp="kubectl np-viewer"
alias kpods="kubectl get pods"
alias ksvcs="kubectl get services"
alias ksh='kubectl run -it --image bash --restart Never --rm shell'
alias krbac="kubectl rbac-tool analysis --cluster-context"
alias kwhocan="kubectl rbac-tools who-can"
alias krole="kubectl rolesum"
alias kcani="kubectl rakkess"
alias kcanit="kubectl rakkess --as"
alias kdbg="kubectl debug"
# krew
alias krewadd="kubectl krew install"
# stern
alias sternapp="kubectl stern"
alias sterncontainer="kubectl stern --container"
alias sternauth="kubectl stern -t --since 30m auth"
export do="-o yaml --dry-run=client"
# Istio
alias c="bat"
alias cdls='f_cdls(){cd "$1" && exa -lh}; f_cdls'
alias cddown="cd ~/Downloads; exa -lh"
alias cdwork="cd ~/workspace; exa -lh"
alias cdoss="cd ~/workspace/oss; exa -lh"
alias cdmy="cd /Volumes/MySpace2021/; exa -lh"
alias cdmywork="cd /Volumes/MySpace2021/workspace; exa -lh"
alias delstore="find . -type f -name '*.DS_Store' -ls -delete"
alias df="df -ahP | column -t"
alias diff="colordiff"
alias du="du -shx */ | sort -h"
alias e="echo"
alias f="fd"
alias finder="open -a Finder"
alias free='free -m -h'
alias egrep="egrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"
alias fgrep="fgrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"
alias h="history | grep"
alias help="tldr"
# ls
alias l="exa -1"
alias ls="exa -lh"
alias lt="exa -T"
alias ll="exa -lah"
alias llt='f_llt(){exa -lah --git --git-ignore --tree --level="$1"}; f_llt'
alias listen='lsof -PiTCP -sTCP:LISTEN'
alias mkcd='f_mkcd(){mkdir -pv "$1"; cd "$1"}; f_mkcd'
alias mnt="mount | column -t"
alias myip="curl -s http://checkip.dyndns.org/ | sed 's/[a-zA-Z<>/ :]//g'"
alias routes="netstat -nr"
alias ports="netstat -n -a -p tcp | grep LISTEN"
alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias psg="ps aux | grep -v grep | grep -i"
alias ping="prettyping --nolegend"
alias q="exit"
alias rg="ripgrep"
### ssh
alias s="ssh"
alias sshls="grep 'Host ' ~/.ssh/config | awk '{print $2}' | sort -h"
alias today='date +"%A, %B %d, %Y"'
alias top="htop"
alias x="open -a '/Applications/XCode.app'"
alias z="source ~/.zshrc"
alias _=sudo
alias -g grep="grep -i --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"
alias -g G="| grep"
alias -g L="| less"
alias -g H="| head"
# pskill foo: dangerous function to kills all processes matching foo
pskill() {
procs $1 --no-header --only pid | xargs kill -15
}
eval "$(thefuck --alias fuck)"
# vs code
alias codegit="code ~/.gitconfig"
alias codeignore="code ~/.gitignore"
alias codessh="code ~/.ssh/config"
alias codevim="code ~/.vimrc"
alias codezsh="code ~/.zshrc"
alias codestarship="code ~/.config/starship.toml"
alias codeblog="code /Users/fastzhong/workspace/blog/blog.code-workspace"
alias codem251="code /Volumes/MySpace2021/workspace/SUSS/MTH251/github/mth251.code-workspace"
alias codem252="code /Volumes/MySpace2021/workspace/SUSS/MTH251/github/mth252.code-workspace"
alias codefaang="code /Volumes/MySpace2021/workspace/faang/faang.code-workspace"
iTerm2
iTerm2 -> Install Shell Integration
selection

自带快捷键
Function | Shortcut |
---|---|
New Tab | ⌘ + T |
Close Tab or Window | ⌘ + W (same as many mac apps) |
Go to Tab | ⌘ + Number Key (ie: ⌘2 is 2nd tab) |
Go to Split Pane by Direction | ⌘ + Option + Arrow Key |
Cycle iTerm Windows | ⌘ + backtick (true of all mac apps and works with desktops/mission control) |
Splitting | |
Split Window Vertically (same profile) | ⌘ + D |
Split Window Horizontally (same profile) | ⌘ + Shift + D (mnemonic: shift is a wide horizontal key) |
Moving | |
Move a pane with the mouse | ⌘ + Alt + Shift and then drag the pane from anywhere |
Fullscreen | |
Fullscreen | ⌘ + Enter |
Maximize a pane | ⌘ + Shift + Enter (use with fullscreen to temp fullscreen a pane!) |
Resize Pane | Ctrl + ⌘ + Arrow (given you haven’t mapped this to something else) |
Less Often Used By Me | |
Go to Split Pane by Order of Use | ⌘ + ] , ⌘ + [ |
Split Window Horizontally (new profile) | Option + ⌘ + H |
Split Window Vertically (new profile) | Option + ⌘ + V |
Previous Tab | ⌘ + Left Arrow (I usually move by tab number) |
Next Tab | ⌘ + Right Arrow |
Go to Window | ⌘ + Option + Number |
shell 常用的快捷键
自定义快捷键:


快捷键 | 命令 | 发送 | 字符 |
---|---|---|---|
⌥ ← | 左移一个单词 | Escape Sequence | b |
⌥ → | 右移一个单词 | Escape Sequence | f |
⌘ ← | 移至行首 | Hex Codes | 0x01 |
⌘ → | 移至行尾 | Hex Codes | 0x05 |
⌥ Del | 删除至词首 | Hex Codes | 0x17 |
⌘ Del | 删除整行 | Hex Codes | 0x15 |
⌘ 𝐳 | undo | Hex Codes | 0x1f |
iTerm2 技巧
- iTerm2 允许我们快速查看剪贴板内容 只需使用 ⌘ ⇧ h 可以呼出粘贴历史
- 在 iTerm2 中,双击选中,三击选中整行,四击智能选中(智能规则可配置)
- 按住 ⌘ 键:可以拖拽选中的字符串
- 点击 url:调用默认浏览器访问该网址;
- 点击文件:调用默认程序打开文件;
- 点击文件夹:在 finder 中打开该文件夹;
- 同时按住 ⌥ 键,可以以矩形选中,类似于 vim 中的 ⌃ v 操作
- 将文本内容复制到剪切板
- 在 Finder 中打开当前目录
session 恢复
system preferences - general:
iTerm2 - settings - General:
vi 快捷键 & 技巧
把 bindkey -v 加到 .zshrc 里,命令行就可以用 vi 的快捷键(bindkey -e 则是 emacs)。
💡 注意如果使用 vi 快捷键,其它常规的就会失效。
快速移动
Function | Shortcut |
---|---|
Move to the start of line | Ctrl + A or Home |
Move to the end of line | Ctrl + E or End |
Move forward a word | Option + F |
Move backward a word | Option + B |
Set Mark | ⌘ + M |
Jump to Mark | ⌘ + J |
Moving by word on a line (this is a shell thing but passes through fine) | Ctrl + Left/Right Arrow |
Cursor Jump with Mouse (shell and vim - might depend on config) | Option + Left Click |
Copy & Paste
Function | Shortcut |
---|---|
Enter Copy Mode | Shift + ⌘ + C |
Enter Character Selection Mode in Copy Mode | Ctrl + V |
Move cursor in Copy Mode | HJKL vim motions or arrow keys |
Copy text in Copy Mode | Ctrl + K |
命令行历史
Function | Shortcut |
---|---|
Search as you type | Ctrl + R and type the search term; Repeat Ctrl + R to loop through result |
Search the last remembered search term | Ctrl + R twice |
End the search at current history entry | Ctrl + Y |
Cancel the search and restore original line | Ctrl + G |
常用
Function | Shortcut | Use |
---|---|---|
Delete to start of line | Ctrl + U | Use this to start over typing without hitting Ctrl-C |
Delete to end of line | Ctrl + K | Use this with command history to repeat commands and changing one thing at the end! |
Repeat last command | Up Arrow | Cycle and browse your history with up and down. Ctrl-R is faster if you know the string you are looking for. |
Move back and forth on a line | Arrow Keys | This takes you off the home row but it’s easy to remember |
Move back and forth on a line by words | ⌥ + Arrow Keys | Fast way to jump to a word to correct a typo or “run again” with minor changes |
Delete previous word (in shell) | Ctrl + W | It’s faster to delete by words. Especially when your last command was wrong by a single typo or something. |
Clear screen | Ctrl + L | This is telling the shell to do it instead of an explicit command like clear or cls in DOS. If you use ⌘ + K , this is telling iTerm to clear the screen which might have the same result or do something terrible (like when using a TUI like top or htop . In general, use this instead of typing clear over and over. |
巨量资源
🛒 购买 MacRumors Buyer’s Guide :非常实用,购买苹果产品前必看 💎💎💎
🛒 命令行
- awesome cli apps :A curated list of command line apps
- awesome shell :A curated list of awesome command-line frameworks,toolkits,guides and gizmos
- awesome-macos-command-line :收集了很多有趣的 Mac 终端命令
🛒 软件介绍
- 零度解说 :各种免费资源,开车资源
- awesome-mac 软件大集合 :收集各种类别非常好用的 Mac 应用程序、软件以及工具
🛒 软件下载
- MacWk.com 精品 Mac 应用 :低调使用 💎💎💎