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Mac 的设置和软件 2018岁末版(2020.3更新)

·3503 字·17 分钟
工具·生产效率
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过几年换电脑就做一次,由于上一份工作不常用 Mac,需要安装一系列的东东,还挺折腾的,所以记录一下

MBP,iMac,iPhone,已经很普遍了,不像 10~20 年前,那是高大上的东西,现在网上各种相关资料很多。几大块,顺序不重要。工具和软件很多,把基本的先搞定。

键盘 & 鼠标 #

不得不吐槽,Apple 家的我极不习惯(用过至少两代了),键盘换成了 K1 Bluetooth:low profile,无线,低噪声,原生 Mac 布键(可以切换至 Windows),18 种酷炫夜光模式

2020 更新:K1 价廉物美,就是不耐操,疫情在家一年下来,电池很快掉电,键盘不灵敏了,几个常用键需要大力敲几次,MX Keys 已经替换上场:

鼠标换成了 Logi MX Master3(已升级到 3s, 8000dpi):

Mac 上的好鼠标太少,此前的用过两个雷神的 DeathAdder,基本寿命就是两年,手感,响应准确度等均弱于 MX Master3

以上两个东西性价比极好,网评可以看一波,至今我超级满意 facebook-thumb

电脑座椅也相当重要,值得投入。

MacOS 基本配置 #

System Preference #

Keyboard

  • 功能键 Fn:默认情况下,F1-F12 都是特殊功能,比如调节屏幕亮度。而当你需要键入 F1-F12 时需要同时按住 Fn,这对于开发人员来说是非常不方便的。将 F1-F12 改成标准功能键。

  • 键盘控制:上图里选 Shortcuts,然后 ✅ User keyboard navigation to move focus between controls

  • Caps 切换输入法

Dock

hot conners:

Finder #

Finder -> Preference -> Advanced:

Finder -> View -> Show View Options:

其它 #

macOS 默认只允许运行通过苹果应用商店下载的软件。macOS 如果想安装第三方应用需要到 Preference/系统偏好设置 > Security & Privacy/安全性与隐私 > General/通用 中开启,Allow apps downloaded from:🔘 Anywhere

Disable SIP(System Integrity Protection)

需要重启 Mac 进入 Recovery 模式(开机时同时按下 ⌘ R

$ csrutil disable
$ reboot

重启后查看 SIP:

$ csrutil status
System Integrity Protection status: disabled

Disable Gatekeeper

macOS 如果想安装第三方未签名的应用需要在终端中执行命令行:

sudo spctl --master-disable

显示隐藏文件

希望在 Finder 里看到这个目录的内容

# show Library folder
chflags nohidden ~/Library

# show hidden files
defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles YES

# show path bar
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowPathbar -bool true

# show status bar
defaults write com.apple.finder ShowStatusBar -bool true

$ defaults write com.apple.finder _FXShowPosixPathInTitle true
$ killall Finder

screenshot

默认情况下,macOS Mojave 将屏幕截图存储在 Mac 的桌面上。现在,如果您启用了 iCloud 同步,那么它会不断上传到您的帐户。这是不安全的,也很占空间。

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture location ~/Downloads
$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture type PNG
$ killall SystemUIServer

每次截图自带阴影效果,可以关闭或开启:

关闭

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool true; killall SystemUIServer

开启

$ defaults write com.apple.screencapture disable-shadow -bool false; killall SystemUIServer

其它很多设置,根据自己的喜好可以网上参考一番。

iTune/Music.app

Account -> Authorizations -> Authorize This Computer

MacOS 常用快捷键 #

众人皆知/常用:⌘ , ⌘ A ⌘ C ⌘ V ⌘ X ⌘ Z ⌘ R ⌘ F ⌘ N ⌘ ⇥ ⌘ ␣ ⌘ W ⌘ Q

系统通用

  • 睡眠: ⇧ ⌘ ⏏
  • 锁屏: ⌃ ⌘ Q
  • 进入全屏模式:⌃ ⌘ F
  • Character Viewer(弹出 emojis): ⌃ ⌘ ␣
  • Show all windows of the front app: ⌃ ↓
  • Show all windows: ⌃ ↑
  • Forward delete: Fn del
  • Paste without formatting: ⇧ ⌘ V
  • Screenshot: ⇧ ⌘ 4 ␣(选择窗口)⇧ ⌘ 4 (选择区域)⇧ ⌘ 3(整个屏幕)
  • 保存文件: ⌘ S
  • 另存文件: ⇧ ⌘ S
  • 在应用程序之间切换:⌘ ⇥
  • 在单个应用程序的多个窗口之间切换:⌘ ~
  • 新建窗口:⌘ N
  • 隐藏窗口:⌘ H
  • 最小化窗口:⌘ M
  • 关闭当前窗口:⌘ W
  • 退出: ⌘ Q
  • 强行退出: ⌥ ⌘ Esc

Finder

  • 打开 home folder: ⇧ ⌘ H
  • 打开 desktop folder: ⇧ ⌘ D
  • 打开文件、上级目录、下级目录:⌘O ⌘↑ ⌘↓
  • 回到前一个目录: ⌘ [
  • 转到下一个目录: ⌘ ]
  • 隐藏文件的开关: ⇧ ⌘ .

MacOS 快捷键完整列表

软件 #

网上都有盗版或破解,需要花点时间找。Apple 的 MacOS 源自 Unix,但其自带系统软件难用,一二十年毫无大进步,和微软的 Windows 的用户体验差距不小,好在是第三方挺给力。

必备工具 #

  • Amphetamine:防止进入睡眠状态,定时休眠 🆓

  • App Cleaner & Unistaller:应用深度清理卸载

  • BetterZipArchive Utility:压缩/解压缩

  • CleanMyMacLemon:垃圾清理,软件卸载,系统优化

  • 键指如飞/FlyKey:列出了当前活动应用所有支持的键盘快捷组合键 🆓

  • Hidden Bar:菜单栏图标隐藏 🆓

  • Paralles Desktop:Windows 虚拟机,配合 PD Runner(原来挂在 Github 上,后来被毙了,可到 Gitee 上下载),解锁最新试用版 Paralles

  • Paragon NTFS for Mac:不用虚拟机,直接挂 NTFS,比较稳定了

  • Rectangle:开源版的 spectacle,和 Moom 类似管理窗口大小和定位,拖拽窗口即能定位,超级好用,配上快捷键 🈯️ 🆓

  • iTerms2zshoh-my-zshFig:命令行相关,见下

一些体会

  • List of useful Quick Look plugins for developers
  • Paralles:Windows 对 MBP 的 Retina 的支持不好,DPI 不可以超过 185%,参见 Resize Search Box and Address Box Win7
  • Paralles:在 Windows 里删除 shared folder 里的文件(非挂靠在 Windows 的硬盘),不会进入 Windows 回收站
  • Moom 的快捷窗口操作(Rectangle 取代):
  • Aflred/Raycast 据说是个神器,spotlight+,可迅速定制各种任务的快捷方式,我并没有使用。
  • Apple 会把 TNT 的证书删除,碰到软件打不开的问题,需要自行重新签发证书:
> codesign --force --deep --sign - /Applications/xxx.app

常用软件 #

  • Adobe AcrobatPDF Expert:PDF 老东家,还是比 PDF Expert 好用,只是软件太臃肿
  • Beyond Compare:文件对比比较神器
  • Bob 🆓:屏幕取词,截图翻译
  • Boom3D:音效加强
  • NeatReader 🆓:各种电子书(epub,chm,等常用格式)阅读器
  • Dash 🆓:编程文档
  • VDown 🆓:各种视频下载,支持优酷、腾讯视频、bilibili、土豆、爱奇艺、网易、搜狐、微博以及国外的 Youtube 等等
  • Find My 🆓:跟踪 Apple 设备,防止遗失
  • Folx Pro:各种 p2p 下载
  • GoodNote:手写体笔记
  • magnetw:开源种子搜索神器(已经关闭 😭) facebook-thumb
  • Movist Pro:Mac 上最好的 movie 播放器 facebook-thumb
  • PopClip:Copy/Paste 剪贴板工具
  • Reeder:rss 订阅
  • Screenshot 🆓,Shottr 🆓:截图
  • OmiScreenFlow:录屏 facebook-thumb
  • Sketch:矢量画图

其它常用软件:

  • Chrome 及一堆插件(Goolge 同步)
  • Windows Office for Mac
  • 各种网盘软件:百度网盘、Dropbox、Google Drive 等
  • 微信 Wechat,Whatsapp,Telegram,Twitter,Discord,Slack,Zoom,Teams 等一众社交软件

开发工具 #

JetBrain 的全家桶 IntelliJPycharmWebStormGolandDataGrip是我十多年来开发 Java 和其它语种的主力 IDE,各种文本编辑基本已归置 VS Code 和 强大的 Notepad++(Windows only)。Windows 上经常画图的工具是 Visio,慢慢转到 Excalidrawdraw.io

vi/vim 我是半吊子,非常有空才打算深入。

VPN #

七款 VPN 比较:

VPN 名称注册可连接国家限速用量使用设备广告P2P
AtlasVPN不要 3🈶️无限制 1🈚️
Hotspot Shield不要 1🈶️500MB/天1🈶️
PrivadoVPN12🈚️ 10GB/月1🈚️
ProtonVPN3🈶️无限制 1🈚️
Speedify不要 几乎全部 🈚️ 1GB/月1🈚️
TunnelBear23🈚️ 500MB/天1🈚️
Windscribe10🈶️10GB/月1🈚️

命令行 #

命令行各种配置的保留,参考之前的文章:

如何保存 dotfiles
·132 字·1 分钟
工具·生产效率

dotfiles - 你肯定知道这个东西是什么,不然就不要往下看了

命令行的东西比较杂,主要有那么几大件:

  • homebrew:软件安装管理必备神器,相当于 Linux 上的 yum,装完后一通 brew cask install 和 brew install
  • zsh oh-my-zsh OMZ:OMZ 是个 zsh 的集成者
  • iTerm2:比 Mac 自带的 terminal 强,颜色 aura-theme-soft,字体 Cascadia Code PL,窗体,快键唤出等等,自行安装和设置。另外可以配合 tmux 多窗口管理器使用。
  • Fig:命令行自动补全神器 facebook-thumb

brew #

brew 的备份和迁移 #

brew 可以通过 brew bundle 进行备份,然后一键在另外一台机器上恢复:

cat Brewfile

Brewfile 和通常的 brew 略有不同:

命令行Brewfile
brew install [formulaName]brew “[forumlaName]”
brew cask install [caskName]cask “[caskName]”
mas install [identifier]mas “[bundleIdentifier]”, id: [identifier]

恢复/安装:

$ brew bundle

各种有用的工具 #

有许多增强型命令行工具,并善用命令行的 alias,例如:

  • ag 搜索工具,类似 ack,但更快
    ag

  • asciinema 可以录制 terminal
    asciinema

  • bat 增加语法高亮,取代 cat
    bat

  • broot 取代 tree
    broot

  • choose 结合 cutawk 功能
    choose

  • curlie 简化 curl
    curlie

  • dust Rust 开发,取代 du
    dust

  • exa 取代 ls
    exa

  • fd 更快,更友好,取代 find
    fd

  • fig 命令行自动补全
    fig

  • fzf 文件模糊搜索,参考 Vim universe. fzf - command line fuzzy finder
    fzf

  • gping 取代 ping
    gping

  • hyperfine benchmark/测速工具
    hyperfine

  • htop 取代 top 类似的还有gtop

  • httpie 命令行 http,类似 wgetcurl
    httpie

  • jq json 文件浏览、格式化、支持高亮,有一点学习曲线,看参考 jq cheetsheet 和来自 文档的一些使用技巧
    jq

  • procs 显示 PID 和 TCP 端口,取代 ps,用 Rust 开发
    procs

  • psgrep 取代 ps aux | grep

  • pstree Linux 上移植过来,树型方式显示进程

  • ripgrep 更快,更友好,和 grep 类似但遵循 gitignore
    ripgrep

  • sd 取代 sed
    sd

  • shellcheck shell script 语法检查
    shellcheck

  • thefuck 神器
    thefuck

  • tldr 取代 man
    tldr

  • xh 与 httpie 简洁界面类似,但速度更快
    xh

  • xz 压缩工具

参考 Julia Evans 的 A list of new(ish) command line tools

zsh #

plugins #

zsh 的插件很多,自行选择 awesome-zsh-plugins

  • zsh-syntax-highlighting
    zsh-syntaxhighlight

  • zsh-history-substring-search
    zsh-substring

命令行提示符 #

OMZ Theme 自带的和那个 Powerlevel10K 太眼花缭乱,这个简约 spaceship

alias #

alias
### =======
### Alias
### =======

# brew
alias b="brew"
alias bdump="rm ~/Brewfile; brew bundle dump; dotadd ~/Brewfile; dotcmt; dotpush"
alias bls="brew list --versions"
alias bll="brew deps --tree --installed"
alias bsearch="brew search"
alias binfo='f_binfo(){brew info "$1"; brew uses --recursive --installed "$1"}; f_binfo'
alias bold="brew outdated"
alias badd="brew install"
alias bdel="brew uninstall"
alias blnk="brew link --overwrite"
alias bupd='echo "updating brew formulas and casks ....."; brew update; brew outdated --verbose; brew upgrade; brew cleanup --prune=all; brew doctor --verbose; brew outdated --cask --verbose; brew upgrade --cask; brew doctor --verbose'
alias bsvc="brew services list"
alias bstart="brew services start"
alias bstop="brew services stop"
alias brestart="brew services restart"

### Java
###
export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11`
export JAVA_OPTS=
alias j="java"
alias jc="javac"
alias jj="java -jar"
# shows the statck trace of a specified java process id
alias jps="jps -l"

# maven
export M2_HOME=/usr/local/Cellar/maven/3.9.0/libexec
export MAVEN_HOME=$M2_HOME
export M2_OPTS=
alias mvnc="mvn clean"
alias mvni='mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true'
alias mvnt='mvn test'
alias mvnp='mvn package'

# gradle
export GRADLE_HOME=/usr/local/Cellar/gradle/8.0/libexec
# Default is `"/(build|integTest|out)/"`
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_EXCLUDE_PATTERN="/(build|integTest|samples|smokeTest|testFixtures|templates|out|features)/"
# Essentially turn off checking for changed scripts
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_EXCLUDE_PATTERN="gradle"
export GRADLE_COMPLETION_UNQUALIFIED_TASKS="true"
alias gr="./gradlew --daemon --parallel --no-build-cache"
alias grclean="./gradlew clean"
alias grbuild="./gradlew build"
alias grboot="./gradlew bootRun"

jdk() {
    if [ ! -n "$1" ]; then
        /usr/libexec/java_home -V 2>&1
    else
        export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v $1`
        echo "JAVA_HOME switched to '$JAVA_HOME'."
        export PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin":$PATH
    fi
}

javaver() {
    echo "⌘ Java ⌘" | lolcat
    jdk | lolcat
    java -version | lolcat
    echo
    mvn -v | lolcat
    echo
    gradle -v | lolcat
    echo
}

scalaver() {
    echo "⌘ Scala ⌘" | lolcat
    scala --version | lolcat
    sbt -V | lolcat
    echo
}

### Javascript
###
# node, npm
alias n="npm"
alias nconf='nocorrect npm config ls -l'
alias ninit="npm init"
alias nls="npm list"
alias nls0="npm list --depth=0"
alias nls1="npm list --depth=1"
alias nls2="npm list --depth=2"
alias nls3="npm list --depth=3"
alias nlsg="npm list -g"
alias nlsp="npm list --prod"
alias nlsd="npm list --dev"
alias nold="npm outdated"
alias noldg="npm outdated -g"
alias nsearch="npm search"
alias ninfo="npm info"
alias nadd="npm install -S"
alias naddd="npm install -D"
alias naddg="npm install -g"
alias ndel="npm uninstall"
alias ndelg="npm uninstall -g"
alias nupd="npm unpdate"
alias nupdg='echo "updating node global modules ......"; npm cache verify; npm outdated -g; npm update -g; npm fund; npm audit fix --force; npm cache clean --force; npm doctor;'
alias nrun="npm run"
alias nbuild="npm run lint && npm run build && npm doctor"
alias ntest="npm run test"
alias npub="npm run build && npm publish"
alias nclean="npm cache clean --force"
alias ngraph='depcruise --max-depth 2 --exclude "^node_modules" --output-type dot src | dot -T svg > dependencyGraph.svg'
alias nx="npx"

# pnpm
export PNPM_HOME="/Users/zhonglun/Library/pnpm"
case ":$PATH:" in
*":$PNPM_HOME:"*) ;;
*) export PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH" ;;
esac
alias pn="pnpm"
alias pnconf="pnpm config list -g"
alias pninit="pnpm init"
alias pnls="pnpm list"
alias pnls0="pnpm list --depth=0"
alias pnls1="pnpm list --depth=1"
alias pnls2="pnpm list --depth=2"
alias pnlsp="pnpm list --prod"
alias pnlsd="pnpm list --dev"
alias pnold="pnpm outdated"
alias pnwhy="pnpm why"
alias pnsearch="pnpm search"
alias pninfo="pnpm info"
alias pni="pnpm install"
alias pnadd="pnpm add"
alias pnaddd="pnpm add -D"
alias pndel="pnpm rm"
alias pnupd="pnpm update"

jsver() {
    echo "⌘ JS ⌘" | lolcat
    echo "Node version: $(node -v)"  | lolcat
    echo "NPM version: $(npm -v)" | lolcat
    echo
}

### Go
###
export GOPATH=/Users/fastzhong/go
export GOROOT=/usr/local/opt/go/libexec
export GO111MODULE="on"

gover() {
    echo "⌘ Go ⌘" | lolcat
    go version | lolcat
    echo
}

### Python
###
# pyenv
export PYENV_HOME=$HOME/.pyenv
command -v pyenv >/dev/null || export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
alias pyls="pyenv install -l"
alias pyglobal="pyenv global"
alias pyadd="pyenv install"
alias pydel="pyenv uninstall"
# python
alias p="python"
alias ppath='f_pypath() {export PYTHONPATH=$1:$PYTHONPATH;}; f_pypath'
alias pylint="pylint --quiet"
alias pytest="pytest --quiet"
alias pipadd="pip install"
alias pipdel="pip uninstall"
alias pipupd='echo "updating all python packages ....."; sudo pip install -U pip && pip freeze --local | grep -v "^\-e" | cut -d = -f 1  | xargs pip install -U; rm ~/.pip/cache/*'
# poetry
alias ptcfg="poetry config --list"
# init a project
alias ptinit="poetry init && cat pyproject.toml"
# activate project virtual env
alias ptshell="poetry env info && poetry shell"
# install all in pyproject.toml
alias ptls="poetry show --tree"
alias ptinstall="poetry install"
alias ptadd="poetry add"
alias ptdel="poetry remove"
alias ptold="poetry show --outdated"
alias ptupd="poetry update"
alias ptbuild="poetry build"
alias ptpub="poetry publish"

pyver() {
    echo "⌘ Python ⌘" | lolcat
    pyenv versions | lolcat
    echo
}

### Lua
###
export OPENRESTY_HOME="/usr/local/opt/luajit-openresty"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/opt/luajit-openresty/lib/pkgconfig"

### Ruby
###
export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"
alias gemupd='echo "updating ruby gems ....."; sudo gem update --system && gem cleanup'

# git
alias g="git"
# visualize git changes
alias gsim="git-sim"
alias gconf="nocorrect git config --list"
alias gignore="git check-ignore -v"

# branch sorted by last modified
alias glocal="git branch -vv --format='%(HEAD) %(color:yellow)%(refname:short)%(color:reset) %(color:green)(%(committerdate:relative)) [%(authorname)] - %(contents:subject)' --sort=-committerdate"
alias gremote="git fetch -t --all && git branch --remotes --format='%(HEAD) %(color:yellow)%(refname:short)%(color:reset) %(color:green)(%(committerdate:relative)) [%(authorname)] - %(contents:subject)' --sort=-committerdate"
alias gdev="git checkout develop && git pull"
alias gmaster="git checkout master && git pull"
alias gtrack="git fetch --all && git for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short)' refs/remotes/origin | sed 's@\(origin/\)\(.*\)@\2\t\1\2@' | xargs -n 2 git branch --track && glocal"
# deletes all local branches that have already been merged to develop
alias gmerged="git checkout develop && git branch --merged | grep -v '\\*' | xargs -n 1 git branch -d"

# git checkout (existing branch/remote branch/new branch)
f_git_checkout() {
    branch=${1}
    if [ ! -z "$branch" ]; then
        existed_in_local=$(git branch --list ${branch})
        if [[ -z ${existed_in_local} ]]; then
            echo "Git branch '$branch' NOT in local repository"
            git fetch origin
            existed_in_remote=$(git ls-remote --heads origin ${branch})
            if [[ -z ${existed_in_remote} ]]; then
                echo "Git branch '$branch' NOT in the remote repository"
                # new branch: create it
                git checkout -b $branch
            else
                echo "Git branch '$branch' in the remote repository"
                # remote branch: checkout and track it
                git switch $branch
            fi

        else
            # existing branch
            git checkout $branch
        fi
    else
        echo "Error: branch name not specified"
    fi
}
alias gco="f_git_checkout"

# git switch with changes (staged and unstaged, but not untracked)
f_git_switch() {
    BranchName=$1

    if [ ! -z "$BranchName" ]; then
        if [ $(git branch -l | grep $BranchName) ]; then
            git stash
            git switch $BranchName
            git stash pop
        else
            git stash
            git switch -c $BranchName
            git stash pop
        fi
    else
        echo "Branch name is not specified"
    fi
}
alias gswt="f_git_switch"

# git commit
alias gadd="git add"
alias gcmt="git commit -m"
alias gall="git add -A && git commit -m"
alias gsave="git commit -a -m 'chore: SavePoint'"
alias gwip="git commit -a -m 'chore: WIP'"
alias gdone="git commit -a -m 'Done'"

# git stash
alias gstash="git stash"
alias gstashadd="git stash -u"
alias gstashdel="git stash drop"
alias gstashls="git stash list && git stash show"
alias gstashpop="git stash pop"

# git undo
alias gamd="git commit --amend"
alias gundo="git reset --hard HEAD"
alias glast="git reset --soft HEAD~1"
alias grevert="git revert"

# git stat & log
alias gdiff="git diff --name-status"
alias gstat="git status"
alias gshow="git show --stat"
alias glog="git log --oneline --decorate --graph --format=format:'%C(bold blue)%h%C(reset) - %C(bold green)(%ar)%C(reset) %C(white)%an%C(reset)%C(bold yellow)%d%C(reset) %C(dim white)- %s%C(reset)' --all"
alias glogremote='currentBranch=$(git symbolic-ref --short -q HEAD) && git log "$currentBranch"..origin/"$currentBranch" --oneline'

# tag
alias gtag="git log --no-walk --tags --pretty=format:' %C(yellow)%h %Cgreen%d %Cred%ad %Creset%s' --date=local"

# git pull & push
alias gpull="git fetch && git merge"
alias gpush='currentBranch=$(git symbolic-ref --short -q HEAD) && git diff --name-status "$currentBranch" origin/"$currentBranch" && git pull && git push'
alias gpushtrack='git push -u origin'
alias grebase="git checkout develop && git pull && git checkout - && git rebase -i develop"
alias grebasecnt="git rebase --continue"

# git submodule
alias gm="git submodule"
f_git_mod_update() {
    git submodule foreach --recursive git checkout develop
    git submodule foreach --recursive git pull origin develop
    git add -A
    git commit -m "update submodules $(date +'%d/%m/%Y')"
}
alias gmupd="f_git_mod_update"
f_git_mod_add() {
    git submodule add "$1" "$2"
    git submodule init
    git submodule update --remove --recursive
}
alias gmadd="f_git_mod_add"
f_git_mod_del() {
    git submodule deinit -f "$1"
    rm -rf .git/modules/"$1"
    git rm -rf "$1"
}
alias gmdel="f_git_mod_del"

# caution: delete untracked files
alias gdel="git clean -nxfd"
alias gdelx="git clean -xfd && git gc --auto"
alias gpack="git repack && git prune-packed && git reflog expire --expire=1.month.ago && git gc --aggressive"

# daily standup
alias gstandup='git standup -a "all" -d 3'

# Ansible
alias a="ansible"

# Terraform
alias tf="terraform"

# Docker
alias dk='docker'
alias dkclean='docker ps -q -a -f status=exited | xargs -r docker rm && docker images -q -f dangling=true | xargs -r docker rmi && docker builder prune -a'
alias dkcleanx='docker system prune -af'
alias dkbuild="DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build ."
alias dkexe="docker exec --it"
alias dkps="docker ps -a"
alias dcbuild="DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker compose build"
alias dcstart="docker compose start -f"
alias dcstop="docker compose stop"
alias dcup="docker compose up -d"
alias dcdown="docker compose down"
alias dclog="docker compose logs -f"

# Kubernetes
# kubectl autocomplete
alias k="kubecolor"
alias kctl="kubectl"
alias kcfg="nocorrect k config view"
alias ktell="kubectl explain"
alias kctx="kubectx"
alias kns="kubens"
alias knsnew="kubectl create namespace"
alias ktree="kubectl tree"
alias knp="kubectl np-viewer"
alias kpods="kubectl get pods"
alias ksvcs="kubectl get services"
alias ksh='kubectl run -it --image bash --restart Never --rm shell'
alias krbac="kubectl rbac-tool analysis --cluster-context"
alias kwhocan="kubectl rbac-tools who-can"
alias krole="kubectl rolesum"
alias kcani="kubectl rakkess"
alias kcanit="kubectl rakkess --as"
alias kdbg="kubectl debug"

# kubectl get resource
alias kgnode="kubectl get nodes -o wide"
alias kgpod="kubectl get pods -o wide"
alias kgdpm="kubectl get deployments -o wide"
alias kgsvc="kubectl get svc -o wide"

# kubectl describe resource
alias kdnode="kubectl describe node"
alias kddpm="kubectl describe deployment"
alias kdpod="kubectl describe pod"
alias kdsvc="kubectl describe svc"

# krew

# stern

### misc.
alias c="bat"
alias cdls='f_cdls(){cd "$1" && eza -lh}; f_cdls'
alias cddown="cd ~/Downloads; eza -lh"
alias cdwork="cd ~/workspace; eza -lh"
alias cdoss="cd ~/workspace/oss; eza -lh"
alias cdmy="cd /Volumes/MySpace2021/; eza -lh"
alias cdmywork="cd /Volumes/MySpace2021/workspace; eza -lh"

alias delstore="find . -type f -name '*.DS_Store' -ls -delete"
alias df="df -ahP | column -t"
alias diff="colordiff"
alias du="du -shx */ | sort -h"
alias e="echo"
alias f="fd"
alias finder="open -a Finder"
alias free='free -m -h'
alias egrep="egrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"
alias fgrep="fgrep --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"

alias h="history | grep"
alias help="tldr"

# ls
alias l="eza -1 -a --group-directories-first"
alias ld="eza -lD"
alias lf="eza -lF --color=always"
alias ls="eza -lh"
alias ll="eza -lah --group-directories-first"
alias lt1="eza -T --level=1"
alias lt3="eza -T --level=3"
alias lt5="eza -T --level=5"
alias lgt='f_lgt(){eza -lah --git --git-ignore --tree --level="$1"}; f_lgt'

alias listen='lsof -PiTCP -sTCP:LISTEN'
alias mkcd='f_mkcd(){mkdir -pv "$1"; cd "$1"}; f_mkcd'
alias mnt="mount | column -t"
alias myip="curl -s http://checkip.dyndns.org/ | sed 's/[a-zA-Z<>/ :]//g'"

alias ports="netstat -n -a -p tcp | grep LISTEN"
alias routes="netstat -nr"

alias path='echo -e ${PATH//:/\\n}'
alias psg="ps aux | grep -v grep | grep -i"
alias ping="prettyping --nolegend"
alias q="exit"
alias rg="ripgrep"

### ssh
alias s="ssh"
alias sshls="grep 'Host ' ~/.ssh/config | awk '{print $2}' | sort -h"

alias today='date +"%A, %B %d, %Y"'
alias top="htop"
alias x="open -a '/Applications/XCode.app'"
alias z="source ~/.zshrc"

alias _=sudo
alias -g grep="grep -i --color=auto --exclude-dir={.bzr,CVS,.git,.hg.svn}"
alias -g G="| grep"
alias -g L="| less"
alias -g H="| head"

# pskill foo: dangerous function to kills all processes matching foo
pskill() {
    procs $1 --no-header --only pid | xargs kill -15
}

eval "$(thefuck --alias fuck)"

# vs code
alias codegit="code ~/.gitconfig"
alias codeignore="code ~/.gitignore"
alias codessh="code ~/.ssh/config"
alias codevim="code ~/.vimrc"
alias codezsh="code ~/.zshrc"
alias codestarship="code ~/.config/starship.toml"
alias codeblog="code /Users/fastzhong/workspace/blog/blog.code-workspace"

iTerm2 #

iTerm2 -> Install Shell Integration

selection #

iterm2-selection.

自带快捷键 #

FunctionShortcut
New Tab⌘T
Close Tab or Window⌘ W same as many mac apps
Go to Tab⌘ Number ie: ⌘ 2 is 2nd Tab
Go to Split Pane by Direction⌘ ⌥ → ⌘ ⌥ ←
Cycle iTerm Windows⌘ ` true of all mac apps and works with desktops/mission control
Splitting
Split Window Vertically (same profile)⌘ D
Split Window Horizontally (same profile)⌘ ⇧ D
Moving
Move a pane with the mouse⌘ ⌥ ⇧ and then drag the pane from anywhere
Fullscreen
Fullscreen⌘ Enter
Maximize a pane⌘ ⇧ Enter use with fullscreen to temp fullscreen a pane
Resize Pane⌃ ⌘ ↑ ⌃ ⌘ ↓ given you haven’t mapped this to something
Less Often Used By Me
Go to Split Pane by Order of Use⌘ ] ⌘ [
Split Window Horizontally (new profile)⌥ ⌘ H
Split Window Vertically (new profile)⌥ ⌘ V
Previous Tab⌘ ←
Next Tab⌘ →
Go to Window⌘ ⌥ Number

shell 常用的快捷键 #

自定义快捷键:
iterm2-keymap-1 iterm2-keymap-2

快捷键命令发送字符
⌥ ←左移一个单词Escape Sequenceb
⌥ →右移一个单词Escape Sequencef
⌘ →移至行首Hex Codes0x01
⌘ ←移至行尾Hex Codes0x05
⌥ ⌫删除至词首Hex Codes0x17
⌘ ⌫删除整行Hex Codes0x15
⌘ ZundoHex Codes0x1f

iTerm2 技巧 #

  • iTerm2 允许我们快速查看剪贴板内容 只需使用 ⌘ ⇧ H 可以呼出粘贴历史
  • 在 iTerm2 中,双击选中,三击选中整行,四击智能选中(智能规则可配置)
  • 按住 键:可以拖拽选中的字符串
    • 点击 url:调用默认浏览器访问该网址;
    • 点击文件:调用默认程序打开文件;
    • 点击文件夹:在 finder 中打开该文件夹;
    • 同时按住 键,可以以矩形选中,类似于 Vim 中的 ⌃ V 操作
  • 将文本内容复制到剪切板
  • 在 Finder 中打开当前目录

session 恢复 #

  1. system preferences - general:
    iterm2-session-1

  2. iTerm2 - settings - General:
    iterm2-session-2

  3. iterm2-session-3

vi 快捷键 & 技巧 #

bindkey -v 加到 .zshrc 里,命令行就可以用 vi 的快捷键(bindkey -e 则是 emacs)。

注意如果使用 vi 快捷键,其它常规的就会失效。

快速移动 #

FunctionShortcut
Move to the start of line⌃ A 或者 ⌃ Home
Move to the end of line⌃ E 或者 ⌃ End
Move forward a word⌥ F
Move backward a word⌥ B
Set Mark⌘ M
Jump to Mark⌘ J
Moving by word on a line (this is a shell thing but passes through fine)⌃ ← ⌃ →
Cursor Jump with Mouse (shell and vim - might depend on config)⌥ Left Click

Copy & Paste #

FunctionShortcut
Enter Copy Mode⇧ ⌘ C
Enter Character Selection Mode in Copy Mode⌃ V
Move cursor in Copy ModeH J K L vim motions or arrow keys
Copy text in Copy Mode⌃ K

命令行历史 #

FunctionShortcut
Search as you type⌃ R and type the search term; Repeat ⌃ R to loop through result
Search the last remembered search term⌃ R twice
End the search at current history entry⌃ Y
Cancel the search and restore original line⌃ G

常用 #

FunctionShortcutUse
Delete to start of line⌃ UUse this to start over typing without hitting ⌃ C
Delete to end of line⌃ KUse this with command history to repeat commands and changing one thing at the end!
Repeat last command Cycle and browse your history with up and down. ⌃ R is faster if you know the string you are looking for.
Move back and forth on a line This takes you off the home row but it’s easy to remember
Move back and forth on a line by words⌥ ← ⌥ →Fast way to jump to a word to correct a typo or “run again” with minor changes
Delete previous word (in shell)⌃ WIt’s faster to delete by words. Especially when your last command was wrong by a single typo or something.
Clear screen⌃ LThis is telling the shell to do it instead of an explicit command like clear or cls in DOS. If you use ⌘ K, this is telling iTerm to clear the screen which might have the same result or do something terrible (like when using a TUI like top or htop. In general, use this instead of typing clear over and over.
⌘ K⌃ L 的区别

一个区别是 ⌘ K 清除回滚缓冲区以及屏幕。 ⌃ L 仅清除屏幕,有效地将屏幕上的内容“向上”移动到回滚缓冲区中。

另一个区别是 ⌃ L 是由终端内运行的进程执行的。例如,bash 将清除屏幕并重新绘制提示符,包括其中任何未完成的命令。其他程序可能继续刷新而不是先清除屏幕。另一方面, ⌘ K 由终端本身执行,无论窗口中运行什么,因此它可能会隐藏程序的输出。

巨量资源 #

🛒 购买 MacRumors Buyer’s Guide:非常实用,购买苹果产品前必看

🛒 命令行

🛒 软件介绍

🛒 软件下载